(ENGLISH)
Directions (Q. Nos. 111 to 125 ) : Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
The idea of power-sharing has emerged in opposition to the undivided political power. For a long time, it was believed that all power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located at one place. It was felt that if the power to decide is dispersed, it would not be possible to take quick decisions and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy. One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-government. In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies. Therefore, it follows that in a democracy, political power should be distributed among as many citizens as possible. In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms. Let us look at some of the most common arrangements that we have or will come shared among across. Power is different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Let us call this horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions. Last year, we studied that in a democracy, even though ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies. Similarly, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances. Power can be shared among governments at different levels a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called federal government. In India, we refer to it as the Central or Union Government. The governments at the provincial regional level are called by different names in different countries.
In India, we call them State Governments. This system is not followed in all countries. There are many countries where there are no provincial or state governments. But in those countries like ours, where there are different levels of government, the Constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government. This is what they did in Belgium, but was refused in Sri Lanka. This is called federal division of power.
The same principle can be extended to levels of government lower than the State Government, such as the Municipality and Panchayat. Let us call division of power involving higher and lower levels of government vertical division of power. Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as the religious and linguistic groups. Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements, whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration. Last year, we studied the system of ‘reserved constituencies’ in assemblies and the parliament of our country. This type of arrangement is meant to give space in the government and administration to diverse social groups, who otherwise, would feel alienated from the government. This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power. Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. In a democracy, the citizens must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections. If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power. In a democracy, we find interest groups, such as those of traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers and industrial workers. They also will have a share in governmental power, either through governmental participation in committees or bringing influence on the decision-making process.
111. What will happen if power to decide is dispersed?
(A) Quick decisions won’t be possible
(B) Decision-making will be easy
(C) Decisions will not be worthy of enforcing
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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112. What is the basic principle of democracy?
(A) People are in power
(B) Political parties are in power
(C) Only one ruler is in power
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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113. Power is shared amongst different parts of government such as
(A) executive
(B) judiciary
(C) legislative
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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114. Horizontal distribution of power means
(A) dividing power equally
(B) dividing power on different levels at same
(C) dividing power levels of government
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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115. Horizontal distribution of power ensures
(A) each organ exercises limited power
(B) unequal power distribution
(C) controlling and checking power distribution of one organ by other
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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116. Which one of the following is not a form of government lower than state government?
(A) Municipality
(B) Panchayat
(C) Rajya Sabha
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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117. Power shared amongst social groups is called as
(A) community government
(B) social government
(C) religious government
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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118. What ensures that power does not remain in one hand?
(A) Competition
(B) Citizens
(C) People in power at lower level
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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119. Direct sharing of power possible when is
(A) two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections
(B) formed alliance is elected
(C) one party is unable to perform
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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120. Give a suitable title to the given passage.
(A) Power in Politics
(B) Power Sharing
(C) Democratic Politics
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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121. Select the most appropriate word which is similar in meaning of the word COARSE.
(A) Rough
(B) Shiny
(C) Smooth
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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122. Select the word opposite in meaning to the word ACCURATE.
(A) Precise
(B) General
(C) Faulty
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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123. The huge painting will be completed by the artists by the end of this month. (Change the voice.)
(A) By the end of this month, the artists will complete the huge painting.
(B) The huge painting will be complete by the end of this month by the artists.
(C) The artists will complete the huge painting by the end of this month.
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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124. A thank-you speech was delivered by her on the occasion of her convocation.
(Change the voice.)
(A) She delivered a thank-you speech on the occasion of her convocation.
(B) She deliver a thank-you speech on the occasion of her convocation.
(C) On convocation, she delivered a the occasion of her thank-you speech.
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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125. Have you ever _______ such a beautiful flower?
(Choose the correct phrasal verb.)
(A) come through
(B) come across
(C) come upon
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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126. An area of land which is used for burial.
(Find out one-word substitute for the given sentence.)
(A) Cemetery
(B) Cementery
(C) Crematory
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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127. Large-scale destruction by fire is known as
(A) holocast
(B) holocaust
(C) holocost
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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128. A place where bees are kept is called
(A) bee yard
(B) hive
(C) apiary
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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129. Find out the word which is misspelt.
(A) Ceorsion
(B) Perseverance
(C) Scavengers
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
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Teacher