NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science (Economics)
The NCERT Solutions in English Language for Class 9 Social Science (Economics) Chapter – 2 (People as Resource) has been provided here to help the students in solving the questions from this exercise.
Chapter – 2 (People as Resource)
Exercises
1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
Answer – ‘People as a resource’ is a way of referring to the country’s working population in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. Because the humans contribute to GDP, they are also considered as a resource.
2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical Capital?
Answer – Difference between human resource and other resources
| Human Resource | Other resources (land and physical resources) |
| It is an active factor of production; human resource can make use of other and physical capital also. | These are the passive factors of production; these factors can’t be useful themselves and require agents like human labor. |
| It is not just for production but also for consumption. | These factors are for production only. |
| Tailors, engineers, Doctors, teachers are example of human resource. | Machines, tools, buildings are the example of physical capital whereas forests, water are examples of land. |
3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer – Education plays a very important role in human capital formation for the following reasons:
- It improves the level of understanding of various important aspects of life.
- It is helpful in opening new scopes for the people in different fields and provides encouragement.
- It develops knowledge, skill and value of life.
- It is helpful in improving human behavior.
- It is helpful in enhancing the total productivity of a labour.
- It promotes rational and scientific outlook for the solution of problems faced by the country.
4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer – Health plays an important role in human capital formation. A healthy person is more likely to realize his full potential and can become an asset for the economy. An unhealthy person is less likely to realize his potential and can become a liability for the economy.
5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Answer – The health of an individual helps him to realise his potential and also gives him the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy individual is a liability to his place of work. The health of a person is directly related to his efficiency. As compared to an unhealthy individual, a healthy person can work more efficiently and with greater productivity.
6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors?
Answer – Various activities undertaken may be classified under three sectors namely :
(i) Primary sector – Activities Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming and mining.
(ii) Secondary sector – Activities Include manufacturing and construction.
(iii) Tertiary sector – Activities Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc.
7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer – Activities that add value to the national income are called economic activities. These have two parts − market activities (production for pay or profit) and non-market activities (production for self consumption).
Non-economic activities are the ones that do not add to the national income; for example, an individual performing domestic chores.
8. Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer – Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. Due to gender discrimination, women are generally denied the education and the necessary skills to become worthy contributors to the national income. As a result, a majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. This is one of the reasons why they get paid less than men.
9. How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer – Unemployment is a situation in which people who are able and willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs.
10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer – Difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment.
| Disguised Unemployment | Seasonal Unemployment |
| It is the situation in which an individual appears to be employed, but he does not add to the productivity. That is, the productivity would remain the same even in his absence. |
It is the situation in which an individual is not able to find a job during certain months of the year. |
| Example: When a work that requires only three individuals for its completion is being done by five persons, the two additional persons are disguised unemployed. | Example: Agricultural labourers find work only during the busy seasons, i.e., sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing. This is because of the seasonal character of agriculture in India. |
11. Why is educated unemployed a peculiar problem of India?
Answer – Educated unemployment is a peculiar problem of urban India because it
- leads to the wastage of capable human resource on which lot of other resources have been spent.
- Can lead to youth distraction into other unlawful activities.
- May lead to economic sociopolitical disturbance in India
This way educated human potential is not put to use that can really boost the growth of the county.
12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Answer – India can build the maximum employment opportunities in the agricultural sector and its based industries. Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. When the efficient and quality packaging happen with agricultural products then it can generate a lot of employment opportunities.
13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
Answer – Following are the measures which may be suggested with regard to education system to reduce the problem of educated unemployed:
- Education system must be made job oriented and not just for academic purpose.
- It must be made more practical than theoretical.
- The student must be made aware and encouraged about self-employment and not being dependent on jobs only.
- Various innovative methods like interactive course material, smart learning programs etc. can be very helpful in generating interest amongst the students.
14. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?
Answer – Yes, we can imagine not only one but many villages which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many. The villagers started to provide education to their children. These educated youngsters got absorbed in many professions in the villages like teaching, agro-engineering, etc. They created various types of employment in their villages. As a result, villages developed soon. Now these villages have better education facilities, health facilities, proper supply of water and electricity.
15. Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital or human capital? Why?
Answer – Human capital makes use of the other resources like land, labour and physical capital to produce an output. The other resources cannot become useful on their own. Hence, human capital may well be considered the best among all the resources.
