NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science
Contemporary India II (Geography)
The NCERT Solutions in English Language for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India II (Geography) Chapter – 6 (Manufacturing Industries) has been provided here to help the students in solving the questions from this exercise.
Chapter – 6 (Manufacturing Industries)
| Exercises |
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material.
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
Answer – (b) Cement
(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
Answer – (b) SAIL
(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
Answer – (a) Aluminium
(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology
Answer – (b) Electronic
2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.
(i) What is manufacturing?
Answer – Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry.
Answer – The three factors are
a. Availability of raw materials.
b. Power resources
c. Favourable climate.
(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
Answer – Three human factors for the location of an industry are the following:
a. Labour
b. Capital
c. Closeness to cities
(iv) What are the basic industries? Give an example.
Answer – Basic or key industries are those which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminum smelting.
(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
Answer – The important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement are: limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Apart from these, coal, electric power and rail transportation are also needed.
3. Write the answers to the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
Answer – Integrated steel plants are different from mini steel plants in many aspects. An integrated steel plant is large and handles everything in one complex—from integrating raw materials to steel making, rolling and shaping. On the other hand, a mini steel plant is smaller, has electric furnaces, uses steel scrap and sponge iron, and has re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. It produces mild and alloy steel of given specifications.
The problems faced by this industry are:
(a) high production costs and limited availability of coking coal;
(b) lower productivity of labour;
(c) irregular supply of energy; and
(d) poor infrastructure.
Recent developments that have led to a rise in the production capacity of this industry are liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment, with help from private entrepreneurs.
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer – Industrial pollution of the environment is of four types: air, water, land and noise. Air pollution is caused by smoke released by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in factories ignoring pollution norms. Water pollution is caused by the discharging of organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluents into rivers. This form of pollution is caused by paper, pulp, chemical, textile, dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. The major solid wastes released into rivers in India are fly ash, phospo-gypsum, and iron and steel slags. Thermal pollution of water is another form of water pollution, caused by the emission of hot water from factories and thermal plants into rivers and ponds. Dumping of solid wastes renders the soil infertile and useless too. Lastly, noise pollution results from industrial and construction activities, machinery, generators, and saws, pneumatic and electric drills.
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.
Answer – The steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry are as follows:
(a) To control water pollution, industrial effluents need to be treated on all three levels (primary, secondary and tertiary); the use of water for processing should be minimised via reuse and recycling; rainwater can be harvested to meet water requirements, and ground water usage should be regulated by law.
(b) For the minimisation of air pollution, smoke stacks should be fitted to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. Also, smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal.
(c) Noise pollution can be controlled by fitting generators with silencers, redesigning machinery to reduce noise, and using earplugs and earphones besides other noise absorbing material.
