{"id":6888,"date":"2024-01-14T06:00:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T06:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/?p=6888"},"modified":"2024-01-14T06:00:38","modified_gmt":"2024-01-14T06:00:38","slug":"ncert-solutions-class-10-science-chapter-4-carbon-and-its-compounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/ncert-solutions-class-10-science-chapter-4-carbon-and-its-compounds\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions Class 10 (Science) Chapter 4 (Carbon and Its Compounds)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The NCERT Solutions in English Language for Class 10 Science <strong>Chapter &#8211; 4 (Carbon and Its Compounds) <\/strong>has been provided here to help the students in solving the questions from this exercise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Chapter &#8211; 4 (Carbon and Its Compounds)\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>1. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Electron dot structure of CO<sub>2<\/sub> is<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7288 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"511\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.1.png 511w, https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.1-300x46.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>2. What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur ?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Electron dot structure of a sulphur molecule<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7882\" src=\"http:\/\/104.199.181.145\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/ncert-solutions-for-class-10-science-chapter-4-car-1.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajboardexam.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/ncert-solutions-for-class-10-science-chapter-4-car-1.png 504w, https:\/\/rajboardexam.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/ncert-solutions-for-class-10-science-chapter-4-car-1-300x83.png 300w\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds image - 2\" width=\"504\" height=\"139\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">How many structural isomers you can you draw for pentane ?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Three structural isomers are possible for pentane :<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7290 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.3.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"710\" height=\"116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.3.png 710w, https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.3-300x49.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us ?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us are as given below:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Carbon has six valence electrons which is actually a high number of valency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Covalent bonding happens easily with carbon atoms and numerous others, such as oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen, sulphur, hydrogen, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane ? (CBSE 2013)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cyclopentane is a cyclic compound with formula C<sub>5<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>\u00a0The structure of the compound may be represented as :<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7291 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.3i.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"479\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.3i.png 479w, https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.3i-300x100.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Draw the structures of the following compounds :<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(i) Ethanoic acid<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(ii) Bromopentane<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(iii) Butanone<br \/>\n<strong>* Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane ?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7292 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.4.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"703\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.4.png 703w, https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.4-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bromopentane has a chain of five carbon atoms. It can exist in a number of forms which are structural isomers.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7293 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.4i.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"661\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.4i.png 661w, https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.4i-300x148.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">How would you name the following compounds ?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7294 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.5.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"521\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.5.png 521w, https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.5-300x100.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 521px) 100vw, 521px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(i) Bromoethane<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(ii) Hex-l-yne<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(iii) Methanal<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>1. Why is the conversion of ethanol into ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction ?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Ethanoic acid (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH) has one oxygen atom more and two hydrogen atoms less than ethanol (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH). In general,<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Loss of hydrogen is known as oxidation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Gain of oxygen is known as oxidation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Therefore, it is an oxidation reaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>2. A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is used for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used ?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>When ethyne is burnt in oxygen, large quantity of heat alongwith light is produced. The heat evolved can be used for gas welding which is usually carried to weld small broken pieces of articles made up of iron.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7295 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.2i.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"526\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.2i.png 526w, https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.2i-300x14.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/><br \/>\nAir mainly contains a mixture of nitrogen (4 parts) and oxygen (1 part). As we know, nitrogen gas does not support combustion. This means that in air, only oxygen will help in the combustion of ethyne. Therefore, it is always better to use oxygen for the combustion of ethyne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>1. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid ?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>In reaction with sodium carbonate, carboxylic acids produce carbon dioxide gas which turns lime water milky, whereas alcohols do not give this reaction. This experiment can be used to distinguish alcohol and carboxylic acid. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The reaction of the carboxylic acid with sodium carbonate: <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">2CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH + Na<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2CH<sub>3<\/sub>COONa + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>2. What are oxidising agents ?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Oxidising agents are those compounds which either remove hydrogen or add oxygen to a compound. For example, halogens, potassium nitrate, and nitric acid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent ?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No, it is not possible. Actually detergents produce foam in any type of water ; whether hard or soft.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Therefore, a distinction between the two cannot be made. However, soaps can be used for this purpose.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding soap, they beat the clothes on a stone or beat them with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine Why is this agitation necessary to get clean clothes ?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The purpose of soap or detergent in washing is to reduce friction between oil drops carrying dirt particles and water so that they may mix with each other. All the methods that have been suggested loosen the bonds between the dust or oil particles and fabrics of clothes. The agitation helps in washing the clothes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Exercise<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>1. Ethane, with the molecular formula C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>\u00a0has :<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(a)\u00a0G covalent bonds<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(b)\u00a07 covalent bonds<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(c)\u00a08 covalent bonds<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(d)\u00a09 covalent bonds<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>(b)\u00a07 covalent bonds<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>2. Butanone is a four carbon compound with the functional group<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(a)\u00a0carboxylic acid<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(b)\u00a0aldehyde<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(c)\u00a0ketone<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(d)\u00a0alcohol.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>(c)\u00a0ketone<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>3. While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(a)\u00a0the food is not cooked completely<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(b)\u00a0the fuel is not burning completely<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(c)\u00a0the fuel is wet<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(d)\u00a0the fuel is burning completely.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>(b) the fuel is not burning completely<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>4. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH<sub>3<\/sub>Cl.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms. It is non-ionic in nature.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7296\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.4-1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"119\" height=\"116\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>5. Draw the electron dot structures for<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(i) ethanoic acid<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(ii) H<sub>2<\/sub>S<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(iii) propanone<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(iv) F<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7297 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.5-1.png\" alt=\"NCERT Class 10 Science Solution\" width=\"688\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.5-1.png 688w, https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NCERT-Class-10-Science-Solution-Ch-4-Que.5-1-300x44.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>6. What is homologous series ? Explain with an example.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. are all part of the alkane homologous series. The general formula of this series is C<sub><i>n<\/i><\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub><sub><i>n<\/i><\/sub><sub>+2<\/sub>. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Methane CH<sub>4<br \/>\n<\/sub>Ethane CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub>Propane CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub>Butane CH<sub>3\u00ad<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub>It can be noticed that there is a difference of \u2212CH<sub>2<\/sub> unit between each successive compound.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>7. How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties ?<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-bordered\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Ethanol<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Ethanoic acid<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">It does not react with sodium hydrogen carbonate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Bubbles and fizzes with sodium hydrogen carbonate<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">A good smell<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Smells like vinegar<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">No action in litmus paper<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Blue litmus paper to red<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Burning taste<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Sour taste<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>8. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water ? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also ?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Soap is sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acid. Two ends of soap molecules have different properties. The ionic end is hydrophilic. It dissolve in water while the hydrogen chain is hydrophobic, it dissolve in hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon chains are oriented towards the oil droplet while the ionic ends are oriented towards water. Micelles formation will not take place in ethanol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>9. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels in most <b>applications<\/b>?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Carbon on combustion gives carbon dioxide and water. This reaction is accompanied by evolution of heat and light. The same is true for compounds of carbon. That is why carbon and its compounds are used as fuel for most applications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>10. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Hard water contains hydrogen carbonates, chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium which reacts with soap to form scum. For example, calcium chloride reacts with soap to form scum.<br \/>\nSodium stearate + Calcium chloride \u00e0 sodium chloride + Calcium stearate(scum)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>11. What change will you observe by testing soap with litmus paper (blue or red) ?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid. It is obtained by treating of oil with caustic soda. Sodium stearate is thus a salt of weak acid and strong base. Its water solution will be slightly alkaline and will turn red litmus red.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>12. What is hydrogenation ? What is its industrial application ?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in presence of catalysts such as palladium or nickel to give saturated hydrocarbons. This process is called hydrogenation.<br \/>\nIt is commercially used for converting vegetable oils to \u2018vanaspati\u2019 ghee in presence of nickel as catalyst.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>13. Which of the listed hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions :<br \/>\nC<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>, C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>, C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>, C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0and CH<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0 <\/strong>C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>\u00a0and C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0will undergo addition reactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>14. Give a test that can be used to differentiate between butter and cooking oil.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Butter and cooking oil can be differentiated with the help of bromine water test. Cooking oil will decolorize the red colour of bromine water on shaking while butter will not.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>15. Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soap.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Soap are sodium or potassium salt of fatty acids. Two ends of molecules of soap behave differently. This ionic end is hydrophilic and it is oriented towards water. The other hydrocarbon end is hydrophobic and it is oriented towards dirt which is oily in nature. A micelle formation around the oily dirt takes place. When flushed with excess of water, the micelle containing the dirt is removed, thus cleaning the clothes, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/ncert-solutions-class-10-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><i>Go Back To Chapters<\/i><\/b><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science\u00a0 The NCERT Solutions in English Language for Class 10 Science Chapter &#8211; 4 (Carbon and Its Compounds) has been provided here to help the students in solving the questions from this exercise.\u00a0 Chapter &#8211; 4 (Carbon and Its Compounds)\u00a0 Questions 1. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1125],"tags":[1385,1133,1394,1393,1388,5],"class_list":["post-6888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-class-10-science","tag-class-10-ncert-science-solutions","tag-class-10-ncert-solutions","tag-ncert-class-10-science-chapter-4-carbon-and-its-compounds","tag-ncert-class-10-science-chapter-4-solutions","tag-ncert-class-10-science-solutions","tag-ncert-solutions-in-english"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.9 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NCERT Solutions Class 10 (Science) Chapter 4 (Carbon and Its Compounds) | TheExamPillar NCERT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science\u00a0The NCERT Solutions in English Language for Class 10 Science Chapter - 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