{"id":6884,"date":"2023-11-30T13:16:23","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T13:16:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/?p=6884"},"modified":"2023-11-30T13:16:23","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T13:16:23","slug":"ncert-solutions-class-10-science-chapter-1-chemical-reactions-and-equations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/ncert-solutions-class-10-science-chapter-1-chemical-reactions-and-equations\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions Class 10 (Science) Chapter 1 (Chemical Reactions and Equations)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The NCERT Solutions in English Language for Class 10 Science <strong>Chapter &#8211; 1 (Chemical Reactions and Equations) <\/strong>has been provided here to help the students in solving the questions from this exercise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Chapter &#8211; 1 (Chemical Reactions and Equations)\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in the air?<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Magnesium is very reactive metal. When stored it reacts with oxygen to form a layer magnesium oxide on its surface. This layer of magnesium oxide is quite stable and prevents further reaction of magnesium with oxygen. The magnesium ribbon is cleaned by sand paper to remove this layer so that the underlying metal can be exposed into air.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Write a balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(i) <\/strong>Hydrogen + Chloride \u2192 Hydrogen chloride<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>H<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ Cl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 2HCl<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>(ii) <\/strong>Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate \u2192 Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>3BaCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ Al<sub>2<\/sub>(SO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u21923BaSO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>+\u00a02AlCl<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>(iii) <\/strong>Sodium + Water \u2192 Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>2Na + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 2NaOH + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(i) <\/strong>Solutions of Barium chloride and Sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble Barium sulphate and solution of Sodium chloride.<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>BaCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ Na<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 BaSO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2NaCl<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>(ii) <\/strong>Sodium hydroxide solution in water reacts with the hydrochloric acid solution to produce Sodium chloride solution and water.<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>NaOH + HCl \u2192 NaCl + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>1. A solution of a substance, \u2018X,\u2019 is used for whitewashing.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(i) Name the substance \u2018X\u2019 and write its formula.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>The substance \u2018X\u2019 which is used in whitewashing is quick lime or Calcium Oxide and its formula is CaO.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>(ii) Write the reaction of the substance \u2018X\u2019 named in (i) above with water.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>CaO + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in Activity 1.7 double the amount collected in the other? Name this gas.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0 <\/strong>In Activity 1.7, water is electrolysed to give H<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0gas at one electrode and O<sub>2<\/sub> gas at the other electrode.<br \/>\n2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<em>(l)<\/em> \u2192 2H<sub>2<\/sub><em>(g)<\/em> + O<sub>2<\/sub><em>(g)<\/em><br \/>\nThus two molecules of water on electrolysis give two molecules of hydrogen gas and one molecule of oxygen gas or in other words the amount of hydrogen gas collected would be double than that of oxygen gas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Questions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>1. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it?<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>When an iron nail is placed in a copper sulphate solution, iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution forming iron sulphate, which is green in colour.<br \/>\nFe + CuSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 FeSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>2.\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given in Activity 1.10.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Sodium carbonate reacts with calcium chloride to form calcium carbonate and sodium chloride. The chemical reaction is given below.<br \/>\nAg<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0+ NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u00a0+ Na<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0+ Cl<sup>\u2013\u00a0<\/sup>\u2192 AgCl + Na<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0+ NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>3. Identify the substances that are oxidised and that are reduced in the following equation.<br \/>\n(<\/strong><strong>i)\u00a0<\/strong>4Na<em>(s)<\/em> + O<sub>2<\/sub><em>(g)<\/em> \u2192 2Na<sub>2<\/sub>O<em>(s)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Sodium (Na) is oxidised as it gains oxygen and oxygen gets reduced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(ii) <\/strong>CuO<em>(s)<\/em> + H<sub>2<\/sub><em>(g)<\/em> \u2192 Cu<em>(s)<\/em> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<em>(l)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Copper oxide (CuO) is reduced to copper (Cu) while hydrogen (H<sub>2<\/sub>) gets oxidised to water (H<sub>2<\/sub>O).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\">Exercise\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>1. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>2PbO(s) + C(s) \u2192 2Pb(s) + CO<sub>2<\/sub>(g)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a) <\/strong>Lead is getting reduced<br \/>\n<strong>(b) <\/strong>Carbon Dioxide is getting oxidised<br \/>\n<strong>(c) <\/strong>Carbon is getting oxidised<br \/>\n<strong>(d) <\/strong>Lead oxide is getting reduced<br \/>\n<strong>(i) (a) and (b)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(ii) (a) and (c)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(iii) (a), (b) and (c)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(iv) all the above<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0 <\/strong>(i) (a) and (b).<br \/>\n(a) Because Oxygen is being removed and (b) Because the removed oxygen from Lead is added to the elemental Carbon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>2. \u00a0Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2Al \u2192 Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2Fe<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>The above reaction is an example of a<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a) <\/strong>Combination reaction<br \/>\n<strong>(b)<\/strong> Double displacement reaction<br \/>\n<strong>(c)<\/strong> Decomposition reaction<br \/>\n<strong>(d)<\/strong> Displacement reaction<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211; \u00a0<\/strong>(d) Displacement reaction.<br \/>\nThis is an example of displacement reaction because Fe in FeO<sub>3<\/sub> has been displaced by Al.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>3. What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct answer.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a) Hydrogen gas and Iron chloride are produced.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(b) Chlorine gas and Iron hydroxide are produced.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(c) No reaction takes place.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(d) Iron salt and water are produced.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>(a) Hydrogen gas and Iron chloride are produced.<br \/>\nThe Chlorine from Hydrogen chloride is displaced by the Iron fillings to undergo the following reaction. 2HCl + Fe \u2192 FeCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>4. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should a chemical equation be balanced?<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>A balanced equation is the one in which number of different atoms on both the reactant and product sides are equal. Balancing chemical equations is necessary for the reaction should obey The Law of Conservation of mass. Balancing the chemical equation has no defined method and is purely a trial-and-error attempt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>5. \u00a0Translate the following statements into chemical equations and balance them.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a) <\/strong>Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;<br \/>\nUnbalanced:<\/strong> H<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ N<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 NH<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub><strong>Balanced:<\/strong> 3H<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ N<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 2NH<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(b) <\/strong>Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in the air to give water and sulphur dioxide.<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Unbalanced:<\/strong> H<sub>2<\/sub>S + O<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>O + SO<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub><strong>Balanced:<\/strong> 2H<sub>2<\/sub>S + 3O<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O + 2SO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(c) <\/strong>Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give Aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate.<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Unbalanced:<\/strong> BaCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ Al<sub>2<\/sub>(SO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 AlCl<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>+ BaSO<sub>4<br \/>\n<\/sub><strong>Balanced:<\/strong> 3BaCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ Al<sub>2<\/sub>(SO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 2AlCl<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>+ 3BaSO<sub>4<br \/>\n<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(d) <\/strong>Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and Hydrogen gas.<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Unbalanced:<\/strong> K + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 KOH + H<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub><strong>Balanced: \u00a0<\/strong>2K + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 2KOH + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>6. Balance the following chemical equations.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a) <\/strong>HNO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 Ca(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>2HNO<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>+ Ca(OH)<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 Ca(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(b) <\/strong>NaOH + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 Na<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>2NaOH + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 Na<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(c) <\/strong>NaCl + AgNO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 AgCl + NaNO<sub>3<br \/>\n<\/sub><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>NaCl + AgNO<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 AgCl + NaNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(d) <\/strong>BaCl<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 BaSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0+ HCl<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>BaCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 BaSO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2HCl<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>7. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reactions.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a) <\/strong>Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide \u2192 Calcium carbonate + Water<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a02Ca(OH)<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2CO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 2CaCO<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(b)<\/strong> Zinc + Silver nitrate \u2192 Zinc nitrate + Silver<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0Zn + 2AgNO<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 Zn(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2Ag<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(c)<\/strong> Aluminium + Copper chloride \u2192 Aluminium chloride + Copper<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a02Al + 3CuCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 2AlCl<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>+ 3Cu<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(d)<\/strong> Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate \u2192 Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>BaCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ K<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 BaSO<sub>4\u00a0<\/sub>+ 2KCl<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>8. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction of each case.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a)<\/strong> Potassium bromide (a<i>q<\/i>)\u00a0+ Barium iodide\u00a0(aq)\u00ad\u00a0\u2192 Potassium iodide\u00a0(aq) + Barium bromide(s)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>2KBr + BaI<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 2KI + BaBr<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(Double Displacement Reaction)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(b)<\/strong> Zinc carbonate\u00a0(<i>s<\/i>)\u00a0\u2192 Zinc oxide\u00a0(<i>s<\/i>)\u00a0+ Carbon dioxide\u00a0(<i>g<\/i>)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0ZnCO<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 ZnO + CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(Decomposition Reaction)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(c)<\/strong> Hydrogen\u00a0(<i>g<\/i>)\u00a0+ Chlorine\u00a0(<i>g<\/i>)\u00a0\u2192 Hydrogen chloride\u00a0(<i>g<\/i>)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cl \u2192 2HCl (Combination Reaction)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(d)<\/strong> Magnesium\u00a0(<i>s<\/i>)\u00a0+ Hydrochloric acid\u00a0(<i>aq<\/i>)\u00a0\u2192 Magnesium chloride\u00a0(<i>aq<\/i>)\u00a0+ Hydrogen\u00a0(<i>g<\/i>)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0 <\/strong>Mg + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ H<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(Displacement Reaction)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>9. What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Exothermic reactions :<\/strong>\u00a0Those reactions in which heat is evolved are known as exothermic reactions. An exothermic reaction is indicated by writing \u201c+ Heat\u201don the products side of an equation.<br \/>\n<strong>Example :<\/strong><br \/>\n(i) C (s) + O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(g)\u00a0 \u2192\u00a0 CO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>(g)\u00a0 +\u00a0 Heat<br \/>\n(ii) N<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(g)\u00a0 +\u00a0 3H<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(g)\u00a0 \u2192\u00a0 2NH<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0(g) + Heat<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>Endothermic reactions :<\/strong>\u00a0Those reactions in which heat is absorbed are known as endothermic reactions. An endothermic reaction is usually indicated by writing \u201cHeat\u201d on the product side of a chemical equation.<br \/>\n<strong>Examples :<\/strong><br \/>\n(i) C (s)\u00a0\u00a0 +\u00a0 2S (s) \u2192 CS<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(l) \u2013 Heat<br \/>\n(ii) N<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(g)\u00a0 +\u00a0 O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(g)\u00a0 \u2192\u00a0 2NO(g)\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 Heat<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>10. Why is respiration considered to be an exothermic reaction?<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Energy is required to support life. Energy in our body is obtained from the food we eat. During digestion, large molecules of food are broken down into simpler substances such as glucose. Glucose combines with oxygen in the cells and provides energy. The special name of this combustion reaction is respiration.<br \/>\nThe reaction taking place is: C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6\u00a0<\/sub>+ 6O<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 6CO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ 6H<sub>2<\/sub>O + Energy<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>11. Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of Combination reactions? Write equations for decomposition reactions.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;<br \/>\nCombination Reactions &#8211; <\/strong>Two or more substances react to form a single product in a Combination Reaction. Usually, heat or energy is produced in such reactions. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Example : <\/strong>CaO(s) + H\u00a0<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>O(l) \u2192 Ca(OH)\u00a0<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>(aq)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Decomposition Reactions &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>A single reactant breaks down into more than one product in a Decomposition Reaction. Usually, heat or energy is used in such reactions.<br \/>\n<strong>Example :\u00a0<\/strong>CaCO\u00a0<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>(s)\u00a0 \u2192\u00a0 CaO(s) + CO\u00a0<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>(g)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>12. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions in which energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a)<\/strong> Thermal Decomposition Reaction (Thermolysis) Decomposition of potassium chlorate: When heated strongly, potassium chlorate decomposes into potassium chloride and oxygen. This reaction is used for the preparation of oxygen.<br \/>\n2KClO<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>+ Heat \u2192 2KCl + 3O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(b)<\/strong> Electrolytic Decomposition Reaction (Electrolysis) Decomposition of sodium chloride: On passing electricity through molten sodium chloride, it decomposes into sodium and chlorine.<br \/>\n2NaCl + electricity \u2192 2Na + Cl<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(c)<\/strong> Photodecomposition Reaction (Photolysis) Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: In the presence of light, hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen.<br \/>\n2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> + light \u2192 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>13. \u00a0What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write relevant equations for the above.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>In a displacement reaction, one element takes the place of another in a compound dissolved in a solution. <strong>Example : <\/strong>Fe(s) + CuSO<sub>4<\/sub> (aq) \u2192 FeSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0(aq) + Cu(s)<br \/>\nIn a double displacement reaction, one component each of both the reacting molecules get exchanged to form the products.<br \/>\n<strong>Example : <\/strong>HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq) \u2192 NaCl (aq) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O (aq)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>14. In the refining of Silver, the recovery of silver from Silver nitrate solution involves displacement reaction by Copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>The chemical equation for the displacement reaction is :<br \/>\nCu(s) + 2AgNO<sub>3<\/sub>(aq) \u2192 Cu(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>(aq) + 2Ag(s)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>15. What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0reaction in which an insoluble solid (called precipitate) is formed is called a precipitation reaction.<br \/>\n<strong>Examples :<br \/>\n<\/strong>Na<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub> (aq) + CaCl<sub>2<\/sub> (aq) \u2192 CaCO<sub>3<\/sub> (s) + 2NaCl (aq)<br \/>\nIn this reaction, calcium carbonate is obtained as a precipitate. Hence, it is a precipitation reaction. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> (aq) + BaCl<sub>2 <\/sub>(aq) \u2192 BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)<br \/>\nIn this reaction, barium sulphate is obtained as a precipitate.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>16. Explain the following in terms of the gain of oxygen with two examples each.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a) <\/strong>Oxidation<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>In a chemical reaction, when the oxygen is added to the element to form its respective oxide it is the element being oxidised.<br \/>\n<strong>Example:<\/strong><br \/>\n4Na(s) + O<sub>2<\/sub>(g) \u2192 2Na<sub>2<\/sub>O(s)<br \/>\nH<sub>2<\/sub>S + O<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>\u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>O + SO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(b) <\/strong>Reduction<br \/>\n<strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>In a chemical reaction, when the oxygen is removed from the compound, then it is said to be reduced.<br \/>\n<strong>Example:<br \/>\n<\/strong>CuO(s) + H<sub>2<\/sub>(g) \u2192 Cu(s) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l)<br \/>\n2HgO \u2192 2Hg + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>17. A shiny brown coloured element \u2018X\u2019 on heating in the air becomes black in colour. Name the element \u2018X\u2019 and the black-coloured compound formed.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>\u2018X\u2019 is copper (Cu) and the black-coloured compound formed is copper oxide (CuO). The equation of the reaction involved on heating copper is given below.<br \/>\n2Cu(s) + O<sub>2<\/sub>(g) \u2192 2CuO(s)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>18. Why do we apply paint on iron articles?<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>Iron articles are painted because it prevents them from rusting. When painted, the contact of iron articles from moisture and air is cut off. Hence, rusting is prevented. So presence of air and moisture is essential for rusting to take place. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>19. Oil and Fat containing food items are flushed with Nitrogen. Why?<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>The main purpose of flushing Nitrogen into food packets that contain oil and fat items is to prevent Rancidity which occurs when the oil or fat reacts with the oxygen letting out an unpleasant smell and taste. Therefore, by flushing Nitrogen, an unreactive surrounding is created, thus preventing rancidity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>20. Explain the following terms with one example each.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(a) Corrosion<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>Corrosion is defined as a process where materials, usually metals, deteriorate as a result of a chemical reaction with air, moisture, chemicals, etc. For example, iron, in the presence of moisture, reacts with oxygen to form hydrated iron oxide.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">4Fe + 3O<sub>2<\/sub> + <em>n<\/em>H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 2Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>.<em>n<\/em>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(b) Rancidity<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Answer &#8211; <\/strong>The process of oxidation of fats and oils that can be easily noticed by the change in taste and smell is known as rancidity. For example, the taste and smell of butter changes when kept for long. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Rancidity can be avoided by: <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">1. Storing food in air tight containers<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">2. Storing food in refrigerators<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">3. Adding antioxidants<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">4. Storing food in an environment of nitrogen<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/ncert-solutions-class-10-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><i>Go Back To Chapters<\/i><\/b><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science\u00a0 The NCERT Solutions in English Language for Class 10 Science Chapter &#8211; 1 (Chemical Reactions and Equations) has been provided here to help the students in solving the questions from this exercise.\u00a0 Chapter &#8211; 1 (Chemical Reactions and Equations)\u00a0 Questions 1. 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