{"id":6876,"date":"2024-03-12T10:28:53","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T04:58:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/?p=6876"},"modified":"2024-03-03T11:30:30","modified_gmt":"2024-03-03T06:00:30","slug":"ncert-solutions-class-10-social-science-economics-chapter-2-sectors-of-the-indian-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theexampillar.com\/ncert\/ncert-solutions-class-10-social-science-economics-chapter-2-sectors-of-the-indian-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science (Economics) Chapter 2 (Sectors of the Indian Economy)"},"content":{"rendered":"

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Economic\u00a0<\/b>
\n(Understanding Economic Development)
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

The NCERT Solutions in English Language for Class 10 Social Science – Economic (Understanding Economic Development) Chapter – 2 (Sectors of the Indian Economy) <\/strong>has been provided here to help the students in solving the questions from this exercise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Chapter – 2 (Sectors of the Indian Economy)<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Exercises\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

1. Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket :
\n<\/b>(i)<\/strong> Employment in the service sector _________ increased to the same extent as production. (has \/ has not)<\/span>
\n(ii)<\/strong> Workers in the _________ sector do not produce goods. (tertiary \/ agricultural)<\/span>
\n(iii)<\/strong> Most of the workers in the _________ sector enjoy job security. (organised \/ unorganised)<\/span>
\n(iv)<\/strong> A _________ proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large \/ small)<\/span>
\n(v)<\/strong> Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is a _________ product. (natural \/ manufactured)<\/span>
\n(vi)<\/strong> The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are _________. (independent \/interdependent)
\nAnswer –
\n<\/strong>(i)<\/strong> Employment in the service sector has not<\/strong><\/span> increased to the same extent as production.\u00a0<\/span>
\n(ii)<\/strong> Workers in the tertiary<\/strong><\/span> sector do not produce goods.\u00a0<\/span>
\n(iii)<\/strong> Most of the workers in the organised<\/strong><\/span> sector enjoy job security.\u00a0<\/span>
\n(iv)<\/strong> A large<\/strong><\/span> proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector.\u00a0<\/span>
\n(v)<\/strong> Cotton is a natural<\/strong><\/span> product and cloth is a natural<\/strong><\/span> product.\u00a0<\/span>
\n(vi)<\/strong> The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are independent<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Choose the most appropriate answer.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(a) The sectors are classified into public and private sector on the basis of :<\/b><\/span>
\n(i) employment conditions<\/span>
\n(ii) the nature of economic activity<\/span>
\n(iii) ownership of enterprises<\/span>
\n(iv) number of workers employed in the enterprise
\nAnswer –<\/strong> (iii) ownership of enterprises<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in _________ sector.<\/b><\/span>
\n(i) primary<\/span>
\n(ii) secondary<\/span>
\n(iii) tertiary<\/span>
\n(iv) information technology
\nAnswer –<\/strong> (i) primary<\/span><\/p>\n

(c) GDP is the total value of _________ produced during a particular year.<\/b><\/span>
\n(i) all goods and services<\/span>
\n(ii) all final goods and services<\/span>
\n(iii) all intermediate goods and services<\/span>
\n(iv) all intermediate and final goods and services
\nAnswer –<\/strong> (ii) all final goods and services<\/span><\/p>\n

(d) In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2010-11 is _________<\/b><\/span>
\n(i) between 20 to 30 per cent<\/span>
\n(ii) between 30 to 40 per cent<\/span>
\n(iii) between 50 to 60 per cent<\/span>
\n(iv) 70 per cent
\nAnswer –<\/strong> (iii) between 50 per cent to 60 per cent<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Match the following :<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Problems faced by farming sector<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nSome possible measures<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. Unirrigated land<\/span><\/td>\n(a) Setting up agro-based mills<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Low prices for crops<\/span><\/td>\n(b) Cooperative marketing societies<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Debt burden<\/span><\/td>\n(c) Procurement of food grains by government<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. No job in the offseason<\/span><\/td>\n(d) Construction of canals by the government<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest<\/span><\/td>\n(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Answer –<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Problems faced by farming sector<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nSome possible measures<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. Unirrigated land<\/span><\/td>\n(d) Construction of canals by the government
\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Low prices for crops<\/span><\/td>\n(c) Procurement of food grains by government
\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Debt burden<\/span><\/td>\n(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. No job in the offseason<\/span><\/td>\n(a) Setting up agro-based mills<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest<\/span><\/td>\n(b) Cooperative marketing societies<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

4. Find the odd one out and say why.
\n<\/b>1. Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter
\n2. Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer
\n3. Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable
\n4. MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, SAHARA Airlines, All India Radio
\nAnswer –
\n<\/strong>1. Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter (Tourist guide)\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>
\n2. Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer (Vegetable vendor)<\/em><\/strong>
\n3. Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable (Cobbler)<\/em><\/strong>
\n4. MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, Jet Airways, All India Radio (Jet Airways)<\/em><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

5. A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Place of work<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nNature of employment<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nPercentage of working people<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
In offices and factories registered with the government<\/span><\/td>\nOrganised<\/span><\/td>\n15<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with a formal license<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n15<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n20<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city?<\/span><\/p>\n

Answer –<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Place of work<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nNature of employment<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPercentage of working people<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
In offices and factories registered with the government<\/span><\/td>\nOrganised<\/span><\/td>\n15<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with a formal license<\/span><\/td>\nOrganised<\/span><\/td>\n15<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers<\/span><\/td>\nUnorganised<\/span><\/td>\n20<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government<\/span><\/td>\nUnorganised<\/span><\/td>\n50<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

The percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city is 70%. We find many organised sector enterprises in the unorganised sector because they want to evade taxes and refuse to follow the laws protecting the labourers.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong> The classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful, as it helps to classify the different occupations that are taken up by the people in the country and how much each sector contributes to the growth of the country. It is also important because it helps in asserting that which sector contributes the most in the GDP and which sector has the scope to employ more people and increase the National Income.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong>\u00a0For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter, one should focus on employment and GDP because these determine the size of a country\u2019s economy. A focus on employment and GDP helps determine two important things\u2014per capita income and productivity. Hence, in each of the three sectors, employment rate and status as well as its contribution to the GDP help us understand how that particular sector is functioning and what needs to be done to initiate further growth in it.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong>\u00a0Some Samples of Work People Do and Their Classification<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S. No.<\/span><\/td>\nNature of work<\/span><\/td>\nNature of Activity<\/span><\/td>\nSector<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/span><\/td>\nBank Clerk<\/span><\/td>\nTertiary<\/span><\/td>\nOrganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/span><\/td>\nFreelance Cartoonist<\/span><\/td>\nTertiary<\/span><\/td>\nUnorganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/span><\/td>\nConstruction Worker<\/span><\/td>\nSecondary<\/span><\/td>\nUnorganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/span><\/td>\nDoctor in AIIMS<\/span><\/td>\nTertiary<\/span><\/td>\nOrganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/span><\/td>\nDTC Bus Driver<\/span><\/td>\nTertiary<\/span><\/td>\nOrganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/span><\/td>\nFarmer<\/span><\/td>\nPrimary<\/span><\/td>\nUnorganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/span><\/td>\nGuest House Receptionist<\/span><\/td>\nTertiary<\/span><\/td>\nUnorganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/span><\/td>\nMine Worker<\/span><\/td>\nPrimary<\/span><\/td>\nUnorganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/span><\/td>\nOwn Tailoring Shop<\/span><\/td>\nTertiary<\/span><\/td>\nUnorganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/span><\/td>\nPublic Sector Factory Supervisor<\/span><\/td>\nSecondary<\/span><\/td>\nOrganized<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

9. How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong> The tertiary sector is different from the other sectors because it does not manufacture or produce anything. For this reason, it is also known as the service sector. It aids the primary and secondary sectors in development. The tertiary sector involves services like transport, storage of goods, communications, banking and administrative work.<\/span><\/p>\n

10. What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong> Disguised unemployment refers to a situation in which people appear to be working but in reality their productivity is zero. That is, even if they are removed from their work, there is no effect on the total productivity. Disguised unemployment is found on a large scale in the agricultural sector in the villages of India. For example, more laborers work on a small piece of land because they do not have any other work. This creates a situation of disguised unemployment. Similarly, disguised unemployment is found in small shops and small businesses in cities.<\/span><\/p>\n

11. Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Open Unemployment<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDisguised unemployment<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
When a country\u2019s labour force does not get opportunities for adequate employment, this situation is called open unemployment.<\/span><\/td>\nThis is a kind of unemployment in which there are people who are visibly employed but actually they don\u2019t have full employment. In such a situation more people are engaged in work than required.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
This type of unemployment is generally found in the industrial sector of our country. This is also found among the landless agricultural labourers in rural areas.<\/span><\/td>\nThis type of unemployment is generally found in unorganized sector where either work is not constantly available or too many people are employed for the same work that does not require so many hands.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
This kind of unemployment exists due to lack of resources.<\/span><\/td>\nThe absence of alternative employment opportunities leads to this situation.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

12. \u201cTertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of the Indian economy.\u201d Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong> \u201cTertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of the Indian economy\u201d. This statement is not true. The tertiary sector has contributed vastly to the Indian economy, especially in the last two decades. In the last decade, the field of information technology has grown, and consequently, the GDP share of the tertiary sector has grown from around 40% in 1973 to more than 50% in 2003.<\/span><\/p>\n

13. Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong> Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. These are primary and ancillary workers. Primary workers include those who directly provide services while ancillary workers are composed of those who give services to the service providers. For example, consultants make available their services to consultancy firms etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

14. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong>\u00a0Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. I agree with this view. The unorganised sector does not offer any job security. Neither does it allow for scope of trade or workers\u2019 unions. Workers can be easily exploited in this scenario. They cannot afford to rebel against an employer\u2019s tyranny as the latter can fire them at any time.<\/span><\/p>\n

15. How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong> On the basis of employment conditions, activities in the economy are classified as organised and unorganised. The organised sector offers job security and employment benefits, while the unorganised sector is marked by low wages and lack of job security. In rural areas, the unorganised sector comprises landless agricultural labourers, sharecroppers and artisans. In urban areas, this group contains small-scale industry workers, construction workers, street vendors, rag-pickers, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganized sectors.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong>\u00a0The employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors are vastly different. The organised sector has companies registered with the government and hence, it offers job security, paid holidays, pensions, health and other benefits, fixed working hours and extra pay for overtime work. On the other hand, the unorganised sector is a host of opposites. There is no job security, no paid holidays or pensions on retirement, no benefits of provident fund or health insurance, unfixed working hours and no guarantee of safe work environment.<\/span><\/p>\n

17. Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.
\n<\/b>Answer –<\/strong> The objective of implementing the NREGA 2005 are:<\/span><\/p>\n